Labuan Bajo, a small town at the western tip of Flores Island in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), has transformed into one of Indonesia’s most prestigious tourist destinations and even a global attraction. Known as the gateway to Komodo National Park, it symbolizes the rapid transformation of a humble fishing village into a new economic hub in eastern Indonesia. This article explores the rich history of Labuan Bajo, its evolution, and the challenges and opportunities that come with its current status.
The Origin of the Name “Labuan Bajo”
The name “Labuan Bajo” is rooted in history and carries deep cultural significance. “Labuan” comes from the Malay word meaning “harbor” or “mooring place,” while “Bajo” refers to the Bajau people, a seafaring community known for their nomadic lifestyle across the waters of Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Nusa Tenggara. According to local elders, the Bajau often stopped at this small bay before continuing their journeys eastward. Over time, the area became known as “Labuan Bajo,” the harbor where the Bajau would moor.
Although the original inhabitants of the region were the Manggarai people, the presence of the Bajau, Bugis, and Makassar communities enriched the early interactions and trade along the coast of West Flores. These interactions shaped the multicultural identity of Labuan Bajo that persists today.
Colonial Era and Local Kingdoms
Before independence, the area of Labuan Bajo was part of the Manggarai Kingdom, which was under the influence of the Sultanate of Bima and later became a Dutch colonial territory. The Dutch focused on the agricultural potential and strategic location of Manggarai. While Ruteng, further east and located on higher ground, was chosen as the administrative center due to its cooler climate and military advantages, Labuan Bajo remained an important port for transporting goods such as coffee, cloves, and seafood.
Transition Period: Old Order and New Order
After Indonesia’s independence in 1945, Labuan Bajo became part of East Nusa Tenggara Province. However, it remained largely neglected in terms of national development until the late 1990s. At that time, it was still a simple fishing village with limited infrastructure. Roads were made of gravel and mud, electricity was available only for a few hours a day, and the port functioned poorly.
Despite these limitations, the natural beauty and hospitality of the locals began to attract adventurers and researchers. Small cruise ships and diving operators from abroad started using Labuan Bajo as a stopover point.
Establishment of Manggarai Barat Regency
A significant milestone in Labuan Bajo’s history was the creation of Manggarai Barat Regency on February 25, 2003. As a result of the division of Manggarai Regency, Labuan Bajo became the capital of the new regency. This change had a major impact on infrastructure development and regional growth.
Once just a small coastal town, Labuan Bajo began to be developed as an administrative center. Government offices, hospitals, schools, and ports were built and expanded. With its status as the capital, Labuan Bajo received more attention from the central and provincial governments.
Tourism as the New Economic Driver
Entering the 2010s, Labuan Bajo gained international recognition as the entrance to Komodo National Park. The world’s recognition of the Komodo dragon as a rare prehistoric species and UNESCO’s designation of the area as a World Heritage Site boosted Labuan Bajo’s global profile.
With support from the central government, Labuan Bajo entered the program of 10 New Bali and was designated as one of five Super Priority Destinations by President Joko Widodo. Major projects were implemented, including the expansion of Komodo Airport, the construction of Marina Port, the revitalization of the tourist area, and the building of international-class hotels and resorts.
However, this development also brought challenges. Local indigenous communities and fishermen expressed concerns about being marginalized. Land prices soared, and issues regarding land rights and environmental preservation emerged. Balancing tourism and sustainability became a critical issue.
Labuan Bajo Today
Today, Labuan Bajo has undergone a complete transformation. The city is equipped with modern infrastructure, including an international airport, integrated port, UMKM center, marina area, and creative hub. Main roads have been widened and decorated with artistic street lights.
The Waterfront City area has become the new face of Labuan Bajo, featuring a modern square, bridges, and open parks. The government actively organizes various national and international events, such as the Komodo Festival, Sail Komodo, and ASEAN meetings.
However, the transformation still presents challenges: ensuring that development does not harm the environment, empowering local communities to become active participants rather than mere spectators.
Conclusion: Traces, Identity, and Hope
The history of Labuan Bajo is a story of transition from the periphery to the center, from a simple village to an Indonesian tourism showcase. Yet, the city must not forget its roots. Local tribes, fishermen, farmers, and indigenous communities are the lifeblood that makes Labuan Bajo more than just a destination—it is home.
In the face of tourism and investment waves, Labuan Bajo faces a test of the times—can it become a city that grows inclusively, sustainably, and still preserves its identity? Its long history teaches that change is inevitable, but the values of local culture and ancestral wisdom must remain the foundation.
